Age, race/Hispanic origin, and COVID-19 mortality among sickle cell disease patients in the United States

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global health challenge, with 6.7 million deaths worldwide as of January 2023. It has illuminated the health iniquities in underserved communities and populations like those with sickle cell disease (SCD). Researchers have associated the COVID-19 outcome among SCD patients in other regions of the globe. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional observational study was to investigate the relationship between age, race/Hispanic origin, and COVID-19 mortality among persons with SCD in the United States from January 2020 to March 2021. The Krieger ecosocial theory of disease distribution framed the study. Data were drawn from an existing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provisional SCD death data set (N = 140). The binary logistic regression analysis result showed a statistically significant relationship between age and race/Hispanic origin and COVID-19 mortality. The variability between ages was 42.9%;race/Hispanic origin was 29.9%;and age and race/Hispanic origin were the highest, with 62.4% dying from COVID-19. Non-Hispanic Black patients were 9.6 times more likely to die overall but those aged 60+ were 17.5 times more likely to die from COVID-19 than the reference groups (0-19-year-old and other race). This study can benefit the research community, public health workers, medical professionals, and policymakers to understand better and influence policy on developing and prioritizing age- and race-tailored preventive protocols and medical care. They may minimize pain and suffering while mitigating mortality from COVID-19 and other unforeseen future pandemics within the SCD community at home and abroad and positively effect social change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Cash transfer in the Covid-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação em desenvolvimento por pesquisadores de universidades brasileiras, argentinas e uruguaias. Os programas de transferência de renda são vistos como medidas sociais para mitigar a pobreza, bem como para diminuir o aumento do desemprego, do trabalho informal e do desperdício de renda. A metodologia de pesquisa foram estudos bibliográficos e documentais;dados secundários;acesso a sites e dados da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe. A discussão enfoca concepções, modalidades e o debate sobre Programas Focalizados de Transferência de Renda e Renda Básica Universal como referência para discutir a realidade dos programas de transferência de renda na América Latina e Caribe. Os resultados apontaram para a ampliação dos programas focalizados de transferência de renda;criação de programas emergenciais para atender as consequências econômicas e sociais geradas pela pandemia de Covid-19, mas não foi identificada a implementação da Renda Básica Universal e Incondicional.Alternate :Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación en desarrollo por investigadores de universidades brasileñas, argentinas y uruguayas. Los programas de transferencias monetarias son vistos como medidas sociales para mitigar la pobreza, así como para disminuir el aumento del desempleo, el trabajo informal y el desperdicio de ingresos. La metodología de investigación fueron estudios bibliográficos y documentales;Datos secundarios;acceso a sitios web y datos de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. La discusión se centra en las concepciones, modalidades y el debate sobre los Programas de Transferencias Monetarias Focalizadas y la Renta Básica Universal como referencia para discutir la realidad de los programas de transferencias monetarias en América Latina y el Caribe. Los resultados señalaron la ampliación de los programas de transferencias monetarias focalizadas;creación de programas de emergencia para atender las consecuencias económicas y sociales generadas por la pandemia del Covid-19, pero no se identificó la implementación de la Renta Básica Universal e Incondicional.Alternate :This article presents partial results of an investigation under development by researchers at Brazilian, Argentine and Uruguayan Universities. The cash transfer programs are seen as social measures to mitigate poverty, as well as to decrease the rise of unemployment, informal work and waste of income. The research methodology were bibliographic and documental studies;secondary data;access to websites and data from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The discuss focus on conceptions, modalities and the debate on Focalized Cash Transfer Programs and Universal Basic Income as reference to discuss the reality of cash transfer programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. The outcomes pointed out the enlargement of the focalized cash transfer programs;creation of emergence programs to meet the economic and social consequences generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, but it was not identified the implementation of the Universal and Unconditional Basic Income.

Pasos Hacia La Salud II: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a theory- and technology-enhanced physical activity intervention for Latina women, compared to the original intervention.

BACKGROUND: Latinas are at increased risk for many lifestyle-related chronic diseases and are one of the least physically active populations in the US Innovative strategies are needed to help Latinas achieve the health benefits associated with physical activity (PA). This manuscript describes the study protocol of the Pasos Hacia La Salud II Study, which builds upon our previous research to test an enhanced individually-tailored, text-message and website-delivered, Spanish-language intervention (enhanced intervention), in comparison to the original web-based Pasos Hacia La Salud Intervention (original intervention). METHODS: Sedentary Latinas between the ages of 18-65 will be recruited and will complete an orientation and baseline assessments. Participants will be subsequently randomized to the original intervention, or the Enhanced Intervention, which has greater targeting of theoretical constructs such as self-efficacy, enjoyment, and social support, and which uses text messages and more dynamic and refined website features to encourage increased website use. Using a linear mixed effects regression model, we will simultaneously estimate the intervention effects on mean accelerometer-measured hours/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with a subject-specific intercept (intent-to-treat sample). Change in self-reported MVPA, measured via the 7-day Physical Activity Recall, will be assessed as a secondary outcome using a similar model. We will investigate potential mediators of the intervention effect using a multiple mediation approach, and potential moderators by evaluating potential interactions. As an exploratory outcome, we will study the differences (among both study arms) in cost, in US dollars, per minute increases in weekly mean MVPA. DISCUSSION: The original Pasos PA intervention showed efficacy in helping Latinas increase PA; we expect the Enhanced Intervention to help a larger proportion of participants to increase and maintain their PA long term. This web- and text-based enhanced intervention could have great reach and dissemination potential, which could be capitalized on in the future to help to advance health equity. Adaptations made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are also described in this manuscript. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Number: NCT03491592 . First posted April 9, 2018.

Food Safety: A Critical Review Based on SDG 2.

This paper aims to analyze the issue of food security, articulating it with the relevance of achieving SDG 2, as one of the fundamental objectives set by the United Nations Organization for Sustainable Development (2015). To achieve this end, the research focuses on four fundamental aspects: 1. The relevance of food security in the global context and the need for timely access to food for individuals, without neglecting the asymmetric structural contexts on the planet, such as hunger and poverty, which limit the conditions for development (FAO, 2009). 2. The relevance of SDG 2 for food security, the production of goods and food effectively, preventing actions that threaten life on the planet (Cóndor et. al, 2022). 3. The presence of people who suffer from hunger in the Latin American and Caribbean region, which has been on the rise since the 2010s and which limits the possibilities of access to sustainability and better living conditions (ECLAC, 2019), a fact that has been intensified with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic (FAO, 2021). 4. The COVID-19 pandemic that has given rise to new vulnerabilities and conditions for access to food, resulting, among other things, in the stunted growth of infants under five years of age. The method used is documentary review. It concludes on the relevance of food security for the achievement of sustainable development, for the reduction of poverty and structural asymmetric conditions, without failing to recognize the distance that exists to reach the fulfillment of these objectives, especially in convulsive scenarios such as those of the global South. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el tema de la seguridad alimentaria, articulándolo con la pertinencia de alcanzar el ODS 2, como uno de los objetivos fundamentales planteados por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el desarrollo sostenible (2015). Para lograr tal fin, la investigación se centra en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: 1. La relevancia de la seguridad alimentaria en el contexto global y la necesidad del oportuno acceso a la alimentación de los individuos, sin dejar de lado los contextos asimétricos estructurales en el planeta, como el hambre y la pobreza, que limitan las condiciones para el desarrollo (FAO, 2009). 2. La pertinencia del ODS 2 para la seguridad alimentaria, la producción de bienes y alimentos de forma efectiva, evitando acciones que atenten contra la vida en el planeta (Cóndor et. al, 2022). 3. La presencia de personas que padecen hambre en la región latinoamericana y caribeña, que viene en ascenso desde la década del 2010 y que limita las posibilidades de acceso a la sostenibilidad y mejores condiciones de vida (CEPAL, 2019), hecho que se ha intensificado con la presencia de la pandemia COVID-19 (FAO, 2021). 4. La pandemia COVID-19 que ha dado lugar a nuevas vulnerabilidades y condicionamientos para el acceso a la alimentación, resultando, entre otras cosas, en el retraso de crecimiento de infantes menores de cinco años. El método utilizado es la revisión documental. Se concluye en la relevancia de la seguridad alimentaria para el logro del desarrollo sostenible, para la disminución de la pobreza y de condiciones asimétricas estructurales, sin dejar de reconocer la distancia que existe para llegar al cumplimiento de estos objetivos, especialmente en escenarios convulsos como los del Sur global. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista de Filosofía is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in a Latino Agricultural Community.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy is believed to be among the top global health threats. U.S. Latinos have disproportionately been affected by the pandemic and have higher COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study applied the Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a Latino agricultural community. Surveys were conducted with 180 adults from a Migrant Community Health Center to measure pandemic experiences and hesitancy factors across three categories: individual and group factors, vaccine/vaccination-specific factors, and contextual factors. Approximately 16% of participants reported having tested positive for COVID-19, 90% endorsed loss of income, and 47% reported their mental health was affected. Only 46% received a COVID-19 vaccine. Common individual vaccine hesitancy factors included worry about side effects, worry that vaccines cause infection, and concern that side effects would be worse than the virus. Vaccine/vaccination-specific factors included concern about how quickly COVID-19 vaccines were developed and concern about there being insufficient research on their effectiveness, potential risks, and side effects. Common contextual factors included religious beliefs and political mistrust. Logistic regression results indicated that subjects who tested positive for COVID-19, or had a coworker who tested positive were more likely to get vaccinated. The odds ratio of being vaccinated increased with age. Subjects who endorsed concern that vaccine side effects were worse than the virus were less likely to be vaccinated. Results highlight that there are health literacy gaps among Latino communities such as interpretation of vaccine efficacy and safety to gain a more accurate understanding of side effects.

"It's Really Hard to Have Your Own Place": The At-Home Experiences of Latina/o/x Undergraduates During COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to understand the at-home lived experiences of Latina/o/x college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Critical Race Theory as the guiding framework, the authors used storytelling to capture the at-home experiences of 19 Latina/o/x college students during the pandemic. Findings revealed how the pandemic shifted meaning of the home space, increased roles and responsibilities, and increased stress and mental health demands for students. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El propósito de este estudio fue el entender las experiencias vividas en casa por los estudiantes universitarios latina/o/x durante la pandémica de COVID-19. Usando la teoría de Raza Crítica como marco de referencia los autores usaron el cuento para capturar las experiencias en casa de 19 estudiantes universitarios latina/o/x durante la pandémica. Los resultados revelaron cómo la pandémica cambió el significado del espacio de casa, incrementando papeles y responsabilidades, e incrementando la tensión y las demandas de salud mental para los estudiantes. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Hispanic Higher Education is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Civic Engagement and Latina Immigrant Mothers' Remote Learning Involvement During COVID‐19

Immigrant incorporation scholars have established that racialized immigrant parents encounter several barriers in their children's schooling: namely, language and cultural differences, discrimination, unfamiliarity with the U.S. schooling system, and unhelpful school agents. However, less is known about the mechanisms that lessen these challenges. Drawing on insights from immigrant incorporation and civic engagement literature, this study examines how advocacy organizations can mediate the barriers racialized immigrant parents face in their children's schooling. A case study of 20 Latina immigrant mothers is used to demonstrate how civically engaged parents drew on their participation with a local advocacy organization—Parent's Choice—to overcome the barriers that emerged during the transition to remote learning due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Findings suggest that immigrant mothers leveraged their connection to Parent's Choice to learn how to use technology, get district‐related updates, secure devices necessary for at‐home learning, create complaints or demands for services at their children's school, fill out paperwork, and access community‐based referrals. Parent's Choice provided support and empowered Latina immigrant parents by minimizing the overwhelming barriers they faced during online learning. These findings complicate our understanding of immigrant civic engagement patterns and provide implications of how civic engagement can facilitate the incorporation of marginalized parents in educational institutions.

Latinas' experiences of shared parenting in the context of intimate partner violence: A phenomenological study

This dissertation presented a hermeneutic phenomenological study conducted with 12 Latina mothers who were survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) considering or in a process of shared parenting with their former abusive partner. The purpose of this study was to explore the essence of shared parenting experiences among participants in the IPV context and examine how attachment style, adverse childhood experiences, and cultural values impacted their shared parenting decisions and processes. The study was guided by the theoretical frameworks of symbolic interactionism, intersectional feminism, and attachment. Findings indicated adverse childhood experiences and cultural values affected participants' shared parenting decisions and processes, with all but one participant reporting they desired shared parenting for the sake of their children. Participants were fully aware of risks associated with shared parenting including psychological abuse, physical violence, and coercive control. Participants reported risk-management strategies, the most prevalent of which included involving a third party, often family or a trusted friend, using supervised visitation, and meeting the perpetrator in a public place. Given the role of attachment style in relation to shared parenting was unclear, future research should investigate the impact of attachment style and shared parenting. Additionally, assessing adverse childhood experiences and cultural values will be beneficial when combined with interview data. Due to the prevalence of IPV, culturally sensitive and trauma-informed interventions must focus on individual skills training for survivors, group therapy to help process IPV experiences and instill hope, and relational therapy with family members and loved ones to strengthen problem-solving skills and promote recovery. Furthermore, in the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic, many women reside with perpetrators due to lack of resources, so secure online platforms must be constructed to provide support and ensure women and children's safety. Recommendations were provided for improving how the legal and judicial system recognize and respond to coercive control as a punishable form of abuse. Moreover, to improve competence among mental health practitioners working with IPV survivors, graduate programs for mental health practitioners must include general knowledge and intervention on IPV. Intervention through the educational system and the church system is also recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

COVID-19: Threat and vulnerability among Latina immigrants

As has been documented in public health data, infections and deaths from COVID-19 have been inequitably distributed in the United States, producing adverse health outcomes among vulnerable populations including Latina immigrants. Using a critical feminist theoretical perspective, this discussion examines the mechanisms informing these outcomes including lack of access to health insurance and health care and work in low-waged jobs with high potential exposure to the virus. In addition, we examine related risks to this population, including domestic violence during stay-at-home orders. We argue that social workers can join forces with immigrant-led organizations to support advocacy to reverse government policies that limit immigrants' access to health care as well as ensuring that Latina women workers earn adequate wages for essential jobs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

A needs assessment of Latinx immigrant mothers with a child currently receiving mental health services experiencing the COVID-19 health crisis

Currently, there is minimal research regarding the impact of the current Covid-19 health crisis on Latinx immigrant families. This study explores overall parenting stress and parenting stress directly related to the current Covid-19 health crisis in Latinx immigrant mothers with children currently receiving mental health services. Additionally, it examines how Immigrant Latinx families are being impacted and their needs during the Covid-19 health crisis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on twenty Latinx immigrant mothers currently experiencing parenting stress and have children currently receiving mental health services. Participant responses were considered using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis method. An analysis showed themes such as overall negative impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic, negative impact on mental/emotional health, and overall need during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The findings showed that Latinx immigrant families currently receiving mental health services experienced an overall negative impact on their lives. The principal findings also demonstrated that Latinx immigrant families' mental/ emotional health was negatively impacted and had significantly experienced higher levels of parenting stress. Findings further revealed a need for basic needs, more mental health support/ professional help, and school support to help address areas of impact in the lives of Latinx immigrant families. Clinical implications include providing culturally sensitive care to Latinx immigrant families and a better sense of how the Covid-19 health crisis affected Latinx families, including their overall experiences and needs related to the pandemic that mental health clinicians are serving. Further research is needed to study the experiences of all immigrant Latinx family members, Latinx immigrant families who only have one parent, Latinx immigrant mothers from various Latin American countries, and Latinx immigrant families with diverse acculturation levels and coping practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Predictors of Latina Undergraduate Psychology Students' Resilience

In the face of environmental adversities, Latina college students demonstrate resilience. A psychosocial framework was applied in this study to evaluate perceptions of barriers (i.e., environmental risk), COVID-19 distress (i.e., personal vulnerability), social support (i.e., environmental protective), and mindfulness (i.e., personal strength) as predictors of Latina students' resilience. Only social support and mindfulness contributed to resilience after controlling for demographic factors. Findings enhance strengths-based literature in resilience and have theoretical, research, and practical implications. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Dadas las adversidades medioambientales, estudiantes universitarias latinas demuestran capacidad de recuperación. En este estudio se aplicó el marco de referencia de Bowman para evaluar la percepción de las barreras, la aflicción de COVID-19, el apoyo social, y la conciencia plena como predictores de la capacidad de recuperación de estudiantes latinas. Solo el apoyo social y la conciencia plena contribuyeron a la capacidad de recuperación después de controlar por los factores demográficos. Los resultados realzan la literatura sobre la capacidad de recuperación basada en la fortaleza y tienen implicaciones teoréticas, de investigación, y prácticas. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Hispanic Higher Education is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The impact of Covid-19 on Latin American Psychology: research, profession, and public policy / O impacto da Covid-19 na Psicologia Latino-Americana: pesquisa, profissão e políticas públicas

In this paper, we offer an in-depth analysis of relevant scientific literature and a series of critical reflections based on a narrative review of the impact that the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic had on Latin American psychology. We performed a non-exhaustive search, selection, and analysis of different documentary sources in scientific databases, institutional repositories, and websites of national and regional psychology organizations between May 25 and 31, 2020. In particular, we consulted SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, and Google Scholar using the following individual key words associated to psychology: "Coronavirus", "Covid-19" and "Pandemic". Various types of documents were retrieved for a subsequent in-depth analysis (e.g., articles, institutional documents, notes, bulletins, recommendation guides, etc.). Our review allowed us to identify three challenges for psychology in the region: (1) insertion of psychology in public policies; (2) construction of an own agenda of psychological research; (3) evaluation of practices and reorientation of professional training processes.

Neste artigo, é oferecida uma análise aprofundada da literatura científica relevante e uma série de reflexões críticas baseadas em uma revisão narrativa do impacto que os estágios iniciais da pandemia de Covid-19 tiveram na psicologia latino-americana. Foi realizada uma busca não exaustiva, seleção e análise de diferentes fontes documentais em bancos de dados científicos, repositórios institucionais e websites de organizações nacionais e regionais de psicologia entre 25 e 31 de maio de 2020. Em particular, foram consultadas as bases SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet e Google Scholar usando as seguintes palavras-chave individuais associadas à psicologia: "coronavírus", "Covid-19" e "pandemia". Vários tipos de documentos foram recuperados para uma análise posterior em profundidade (por exemplo: artigos, documentos institucionais, notas, boletins, guias de recomendação, etc.). A revisão feita pelos autores permitiu identificar três desafios para a psicologia na região: (1) inserção da psicologia nas políticas públicas; (2) construção de uma agenda própria de pesquisa psicológica e (3) avaliação das práticas e reorientação dos processos de formação profissional.

Factors associated with latino sexual minority men's likelihood and motivation for obtaining a COVID-19 vaccine: a mixed-methods study.

Minoritized communities are underreached by biomedical interventions, such as the COVID-19 vaccine. This mixed-methods study identified factors associated with vaccine likelihood (VL) and uptake (VU) among 187 Latino sexual minority men (LSMM) in South Florida. Regression models with LASSO variable selection and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) assessed determinants of VL and VU while open-ended questions were evaluated using thematic content analysis. VL (range 1-7; M = 6.00, SD = 1.84) and VU (63.6%) was high. LASSO modeling identified being insured, worrying about others, fear of transmitting COVID-19, and financial stress as the most influential factors for VL; working remotely from home was important for VU. Time (weeks) since addition of COVID-19 vaccination-related questions (December 2nd, 2020) was associated with both outcomes across both modeling techniques. Convergence between data suggests capitalizing on altruistic motivations and improving accessibility to vaccine campaigns are valuable assets to increase LSMM's vaccine confidence.

Promoting mental health in Latina immigrant women: Results from the Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma intervention trial.

INTRODUCTION: Latina immigrants are at increased risk of depression and anxiety and limited access to mental health care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA), a community-based intervention to reduce stress and promote mental health among Latina immigrants. METHODS: ALMA was evaluated using a delayed intervention comparison group study design. Latina immigrants (N = 226) were recruited from community organizations in King County, Washington from 2018 to 2021. Although originally developed to be delivered in-person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the intervention was adapted mid-study to be delivered online. Participants completed surveys to assess changes in depression and anxiety post-intervention and at a two-month follow-up. We estimated generalized estimating equation models to assess differences in outcomes across groups, including stratified models for those receiving the intervention in-person or online. RESULTS: In adjusted models, participants in the intervention group had lower levels of depressive symptoms than the comparison group post-intervention (ß = -1.82, p = 0.01) and at two-month follow-up (ß = -1.52, p = 0.01). Anxiety scores decreased for both groups, and there were no significant differences post-intervention or at follow-up. In stratified models, participants in the online intervention group had lower levels of depressive (ß = -2.50, p = 0.007) and anxiety (ß = -1.86, p = 0.02) symptoms than those in the comparison group, but there were no significant differences among those that received the intervention in-person. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based interventions can be effective in preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among Latina immigrant women, even when delivered online. Further research should evaluate the ALMA intervention among larger more diverse Latina immigrant populations.

What is post-COVID-19 syndrome? Definition and update.

This work addresses the origin and development of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which consists of the persistence of different symptoms over time as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on a narrative review of the scientific literature, a brief analysis of the new term is made, specifying the conceptual definition, characteristic symptoms, the various implications for people's health, and the responses to specific care measures that have been implemented. It concludes with a wake-up call to the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean in order for care and surveillance to be provided to this public health problem.

Este trabajo aborda el origen y el desarrollo del síndrome pos-COVID-19, el cual consiste en la persistencia a través del tiempo de diferentes síntomas como consecuencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. A partir de una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, se realiza un breve recorrido sobre el nuevo término y se precisa la definición conceptual, los síntomas característicos, las diversas implicaciones en la salud de las personas y las respuestas de atención específica que se han implementado. Se concluye con una llamada de atención a los gobiernos de América Latina y el Caribe para dar tratamiento y seguimiento a este problema de salud pública.

A Culturally Tailored Narrative Decreased Resistance to COVID-19 Vaccination Among Latinas.

PURPOSE: This study tested the relative efficacy of a culturally tailored dramatic narrative promoting COVID-19 vaccination in changing attitudes and behavioral intent among unvaccinated Latinas compared to a nonnarrative control containing similar information. DESIGN: A pretest-posttest experimental study with unvaccinated Latinas randomly assigned to watch either a dramatic narrative featuring Latina characters countering prevalent myths about COVID-19 vaccines or a nonnarrative film containing similar information (control condition). SETTING: The experiment was hosted online with the films embedded in the survey. PARTICIPANTS: Three-hundred-ninety adult Latinas living in the United States (mean age = 33.4 years; SD = 11.2) who had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 despite being eligible. At pretest, 57.7% were hesitant and 42.3% were resistant (refusing) to get vaccinated. MEASURES: Self-reported measures of engagement with the film, COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, and intent to get vaccinated within 30 days at pretest and posttest. RESULTS: Resistant women were significantly more engaged in the dramatic narrative than the nonnarrative control film (P = .03). Being engaged in a film predicted more positive post-viewing attitudes toward the vaccine (b = .28; P < .001) and higher intent to get vaccinated (b = 2.34, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Using culturally tailored stories to promote healthy behaviors such as vaccination can be an effective way of reaching resistant audiences.

Mental Health and COVID-19 Pandemic Stressors Among Latina/o/x College Students with Varying Self and Parental Immigration Status.

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced significant psychological distress for college students due to the sudden proliferation of stressors. We examine whether and how self and parental immigration status contributes to Latina/o/x college students' mental health and pandemic stressors during the initial months of the pandemic. We draw on quantitative and qualitative survey data collected in March-June 2020 with 1,600 Latina/o/x University of California undergraduate students from three self-identified groups: undocumented students, US citizens with at least one undocumented parent, and US citizens with lawfully present parents. Quantitative analyses reveal that the pandemic produced widespread negative mental health effects but the severity of these effects did not differ by self/parental immigration status. Our qualitative analyses identify common pandemic-related stressors across our three student groups (financial insecurity, COVID-19 virus concerns, academic strains, and social dynamics); however, undocumented students and US citizens with undocumented parents identify unique aspects of these stressors due to legal vulnerabilities. Self and parental undocumented status also compromises the ability to manage common pandemic stressors because of immigration status-related exclusion from necessary resources. Ultimately, we argue that the high-stress nature of the pandemic elevated mental distress across all student groups, but the structural exclusion of undocumented immigrants contributes to unique experiences of stress among Latina/o/x undocumented students and US citizen students with undocumented parents.

Authorization procedure for COVID-19 vaccines: United States of America, European Union and Latin America

Introduction: The recognition of the COVID-19 disease as a pandemic posed a challenge to the National Drug Regulatory Authorities (NRAs). They had to develop guidelines, procedures, create working groups and partnerships to maximize the efficiency of vaccine evaluation, review and licensure. The aim of this article is to present the procedures used in the United States, European Union and Latin America to license the use of vaccines against COVID-19;in order to determine whether the multiplicity of procedures has led to the registration of a large number of vaccines. Method: A review of the pharmaceutical legislation used for the issuance of COVID-19 vaccines licenses during the health emergency was carried out. The information was collected up to October 15, 2022. The sources consulted were government websites of the NRAs: United States, European Union, and Latin America. Results: The United States and the European Union used activities included in their standard flows, such as pre-Investigational New Drug, scientific advice and rolling review, respectively. Latin America, on the other hand, made extensive use of reliance and emergency use authorization in order to access as many vaccines as possible. Conclusions: The procedures used are diverse, but all of them are oriented to provide a rapid pandemic containment product. This diversity results in the presence of different vaccines in the United States, European Union and Latin America. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 Educational Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean. The need to rethink a new concept of learning

The situation generated by the educational consequences of Covid-19 represents an unbeatable opportunity to rethink some of the paradigms of the pedagogical narrative present to date. The enormous levels of inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean, both within and between countries, make this an unavoidable requirement: rethinking tomorrow has never made more sense than in the exceptional times we are living through. Through a hermeneutic approach, under content analysis of the main reports and documents of international organisations linked to the world of education, an initial urgent review is made of the possible impact of the pandemic on the region's educational backwardness and its impact on the inequality gaps that have persisted for decades. Far from the arrogance of exhausting the subject, a holistic vision is presented, structured in three fundamental areas: what we learning or should learning, how we should learning, and what we should educate for. It is concluded that the deepening of basic learning competences, the integration of the educational challenge of technology and the commitment to the formation of a critical and committed citizenship, apart from other equally decisive pedagogical aspects, should be the pillars of a new concept of learning for the immediate future. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]

What is post-COVID-19 syndrome? Definition and update / ¿Qué es el síndrome pos-COVID-19? Definición y actualización

Resumen Este trabajo aborda el origen y el desarrollo del síndrome pos-COVID-19, el cual consiste en la persistencia a través del tiempo de diferentes síntomas como consecuencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. A partir de una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, se realiza un breve recorrido sobre el nuevo término y se precisa la definición conceptual, los síntomas característicos, las diversas implicaciones en la salud de las personas y las respuestas de atención específica que se han implementado. Se concluye con una llamada de atención a los gobiernos de América Latina y el Caribe para dar tratamiento y seguimiento a este problema de salud pública.

Abstract This work addresses the origin and development of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which consists of the persistence of different symptoms over time as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on a narrative review of the scientific literature, a brief analysis of the new term is made, specifying the conceptual definition, characteristic symptoms, the various implications for people's health, and the responses to specific care measures that have been implemented. It concludes with a wake-up call to the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean in order for care and surveillance to be provided to this public health problem.